Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
A question about the game of hive:
Suppose that, in this scenario:
Black's objective is to win by surrounding the white bee with pieces of any color or to force white to forfeit by making it so that white has no moves on their turn.
White's objective is to make the game last forever.
Who wins, and if black does, after how long? (Assuming both play optimally)
Obviously, moving the Mosquito onto the Pillbug is a losing move since a beetle could then get on top of that.
Note that, according to boardgamegeek, Mosquitoes can use the pillbug's ability (iff they are adjacent to one of course)
Suppose that, in this scenario:
Black's objective is to win by surrounding the white bee with pieces of any color or to force white to forfeit by making it so that white has no moves on their turn.
White's objective is to make the game last forever.
Who wins, and if black does, after how long? (Assuming both play optimally)
Obviously, moving the Mosquito onto the Pillbug is a losing move since a beetle could then get on top of that.
Note that, according to boardgamegeek, Mosquitoes can use the pillbug's ability (iff they are adjacent to one of course)
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
What is the growth rate of this, in the fgh?
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- BlinkerSpawn
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Under a stronger version where a copies are made instead of two, I get this analysis:Moosey wrote:What is the growth rate of this, in the fgh?
Code: Select all
a{1,1,1}e = a(^e)a
a{1,c,1}1 = a{a{a,c-1,a}a,c-1,a}a
a{b,c,1}1 = a{b-1,c,a{b-1,c,1}a}a
a{b,c,d}1 = a{b,c,d-1}a{b,c,d-1}a
a{b,c,d}0 = a
a{1,1,1}a = w (1)
a{1,1,2}a = w+1 (4)
a{1,1,a}a = w2
a{2,1,1}a = w2+1 ? (3)
a{2,1,a}a = w3
a{3,1,1}a = w3+1 (3)
a{a,1,1}a = w^2
a{1,2,1}a = w^2+1 ? (2)
a{1,a,1}a = w^3
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Is it possible to define an infinite sequence of ordinals such that for all o less than w_1, you have only gone past a finite amount of ordinals in the sequence?
Formally:
Is ∃(A)∀(o|o<|(w_1))∀(B|[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇔n∈B]∧[∄(C|C⊊B∧[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇔n∈C])])(|B|<w∧|A|>=w) a true statement?
EDIT:
Thanks macbi
Formally:
Is ∃(A)∀(o|o<|(w_1))∀(B|[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇔n∈B]∧[∄(C|C⊊B∧[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇔n∈C])])(|B|<w∧|A|>=w) a true statement?
EDIT:
Thanks macbi
Last edited by Moosey on September 22nd, 2019, 10:52 am, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
I think in your formalisation you want "⇔" instead of "⇒ "both times, and you want "C|C⊂B∧[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇒n∈B" to end with "C" rather than "B". Also note that "⊂" is ambiguous since some annoying people use it to mean "is a subset of" rather than "is a strict subset of". I think you do want a strict subset, so it's better to use "⊊".Moosey wrote:Is it possible to define an infinite sequence of ordinals such that for all o less than w_1, you have only gone past a finite amount of ordinals in the sequence?
Formally:
Is ∃(A)∀(o|o<|(w_1))∀(B|[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇒n∈B]∧[∄(C|C⊂B∧[∀n|n<o,n∈A⇒n∈B])])(|B|<w∧|A|>=w) a true statement?
In any case, look at the well order induced on A. This had better have order-type w or else there will be some ordinal preceded by an infinite number of elements of A. So A is a countable subset of w_1, and for every o in w_1 we have some a in A with o<a (or else o would have an infinite number of as below it). Thus we can write w_1 as the union over a in A of the set of ordinals less than a. This is a contradiction because a countable union of countable sets is countable.
See also: Cofinality.
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
What are next terms in this sequence?
123454321
121232123432123454321234321232121
How fast does it grow?
EDIT:
it's related to n-> 1234...n....4321 but not the same-- that sequence is
5
123454321
11211232112343211234543211234321123211211
123454321
121232123432123454321234321232121
How fast does it grow?
EDIT:
it's related to n-> 1234...n....4321 but not the same-- that sequence is
5
123454321
11211232112343211234543211234321123211211
Last edited by Moosey on September 25th, 2019, 4:11 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
What is the longest-lasting (I.e. one with the largest corresponding lifespan ordinal) position in infinite chess if fairy pieces are allowed?
(Note: an excellent summary of the w^4 position is here.)
Would it be possible, to, say, somehow fit multiple probably-not-rook-towers-anymore together and get w^4 for the towers alone, and then add the bishop cannon at the bottom of the for w^5?
Obviously, we can use zeros instead of pawn couples, for 1x1 wall units instead of 1x2 wall units
Would it be possible to build "wazir channels" where wazirs climb around analogously to rook towers?
e.g.
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 w 0
0 d 0 0 0
0 . 0 NN 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 d 0 w 0
0 . 0 NN 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 d 0 . 0
0 . 0 w 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 . 0 d 0
0 . 0 w 0
0 . 0 0 0
This freeing the second wazir. Presumably the dabbaba is pinned (at least in terms of optimal play) by the knightrider which would also immediately cause a loss for team red if it moved to capture the dababba. Or just in general, the dababba is pinned so it cannot capture the 0.
EDIT:
Is it possible to make a version of the rook towers or something similar, but linear instead of taking up 1/8th of the plane?
(Note: an excellent summary of the w^4 position is here.)
Would it be possible, to, say, somehow fit multiple probably-not-rook-towers-anymore together and get w^4 for the towers alone, and then add the bishop cannon at the bottom of the for w^5?
Obviously, we can use zeros instead of pawn couples, for 1x1 wall units instead of 1x2 wall units
Would it be possible to build "wazir channels" where wazirs climb around analogously to rook towers?
e.g.
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 w 0
0 d 0 0 0
0 . 0 NN 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 d 0 w 0
0 . 0 NN 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 d 0 . 0
0 . 0 w 0
0 . 0 0 0
->
0 0 0 0 0
0 w 0 . 0
0 . 0 d 0
0 . 0 w 0
0 . 0 0 0
This freeing the second wazir. Presumably the dabbaba is pinned (at least in terms of optimal play) by the knightrider which would also immediately cause a loss for team red if it moved to capture the dababba. Or just in general, the dababba is pinned so it cannot capture the 0.
EDIT:
Is it possible to make a version of the rook towers or something similar, but linear instead of taking up 1/8th of the plane?
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- gameoflifemaniac
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
I'm not as good at maths as you all, but I think that the sequence will stabilize and will tend to be normal (all the digits are equally frequent). Every digit n will be replaced with 2(n-1) digits and the average isMoosey wrote:What are next terms in this sequence?
123454321
121232123432123454321234321232121
How fast does it grow?
(2(1-1)+2(2-1)+2(3-1)+2(4-1)+2(5-1))/5 = 2(1+2+3+4)/5 = 2*10/5 = 20/5 = 4.
That means that the number of digits in f(x) is on average 4 times bigger than f(x-1).
The approximate growth rate of your function is O(10^(4^n)).
I was so socially awkward in the past and it will haunt me for the rest of my life.
Code: Select all
b4o25bo$o29bo$b3o3b3o2bob2o2bob2o2bo3bobo$4bobo3bob2o2bob2o2bobo3bobo$
4bobo3bobo5bo5bo3bobo$o3bobo3bobo5bo6b4o$b3o3b3o2bo5bo9bobo$24b4o!
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
that would almost be the sequencegameoflifemaniac wrote:I'm not as good at maths as you all, but I think that the sequence will stabilize and will tend to be normal (all the digits are equally frequent). Every digit n will be replaced with 2(n-1) digits and the average isMoosey wrote:What are next terms in this sequence?
123454321
121232123432123454321234321232121
How fast does it grow?
(2(1-1)+2(2-1)+2(3-1)+2(4-1)+2(5-1))/5 = 2(1+2+3+4)/5 = 2*10/5 = 20/5 = 4.
That means that the number of digits in f(x) is on average 4 times bigger than f(x-1).
The approximate growth rate of your function is O(10^(4^n)).
Code: Select all
5
123454321
11211232112343211234543211234321123211211
111211112112321121111211232112343211232112111121123211234321123454321123432112321121111211232112343211232112111121123211211112111
Speaking of those,
this sequence is much more closely related to the one we're talking about. If you look at the wolfram alpha graph and switch it to log scale it appears it is not exponential in growth rate.
also, your math doesn't exactly make sense-- you have to weight the average, since you have many more 1s and 2s than 4s or 5s
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Are there any values of x where |x|=-1 or |x|=i, in any algebra that has been invented before?
Help wanted: How can we accurately notate any 1D replicator?
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
What is the magnitude of w1ch3? (w1 of 3D chess)?
Calcyman proved 3D chess is TC, so theoretically, could it be as large as w_1ck?
Calcyman proved 3D chess is TC, so theoretically, could it be as large as w_1ck?
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- toroidalet
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
The paper Transfinite Game Values in Infinite Chess (which also provides an infinite 2D chess position with a value of ω^3) proves that with infinite configurations, the ordinal of 3d chess (it also works on 3D chess with finite but sufficiently large thickness) is ω_1 (first uncountable ordinal). With finite positions, I'm not so sure, because all constructions for Turing-completeness involve multiple kings (however, it might be possible to substitute them with tons of queens or something).
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Can someone explain bashicu matrix systems?
I think I understand what this file is trying to say, but not much else:
https://googology.wikia.org/wiki/File:BMS_expansion.png
I think I understand what this file is trying to say, but not much else:
https://googology.wikia.org/wiki/File:BMS_expansion.png
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- BlinkerSpawn
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
I'll try my best to paraphrase what goes on for BM2.3:Moosey wrote: ↑October 24th, 2019, 5:21 pmCan someone explain bashicu matrix systems?
I think I understand what this file is trying to say, but not much else:
https://googology.wikia.org/wiki/File:BMS_expansion.png
If your last column is all zeroes, your matrix is a successor, and you simply drop it.
Otherwise, we have to expand.
First, we have to define parents: The parent of a cell is the nearest cell to its left which is less than it and also a parent of some degree in the row above. (The last condition is vacuously true for the top row.)
Now we're ready to roll. Call the row containing the lowermost nonzero element in the last column the bad row, and the column containing the parent of that element the bad root. Everything before the bad root is the good part, while the section from the bad root to the second-last column is the bad part.
The good part of our expanded matrix is the same as the one in our original matrix, and the new bad part is found by doing the following n times:
- Add a copy of the bad part (with last row removed).
- Increase each cell in the bad part above the bad row by the difference between the last column and the bad root (in that row) if the bad root contains a parent (of some degree) of that cell.
An example: Consider (0,0,0)(1,1,1)(2,2,1)(3,3,0)[3]. I'll be using [x,y] to refer to the cell in column x and row y, with the upper left being [1,1].
The bad row is the second row, so the bad root is the column containing the parent of [4,2].
We first check [3,2], and see that [3,1] is a direct parent of [4,1], making [3,2] the parent of [4,2] and (2,2,1) the bad root.
Our good part is (0,0,0)(1,1,1) and our bad part is (2,2,1).
First pass: We add back our bad part. Our new matrix is (0,0,0)(1,1,1)(2,2,1).
Then we increase the bad part. The difference between (2,2,1) and (3,3,0) is (1,0,0) since we don't increase anything at or below the bad row, and adding this to the bad root gives (3,2,1)*.
Second pass: Our new matrix is (0,0,0)(1,1,1)(2,2,1)(3,2,1).
Increasing works exactly the same as before, making the bad part (4,2,1).
Third pass: Our new matrix is (0,0,0)(1,1,1)(2,2,1)(3,2,1)(4,2,1), and we're done!
* I don't need to check the parenthood condition because my bad part has length one and we can say that each column is a 0'th-degree parent of itself. I don't recall seeing a description of BMS that addresses this, however.
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
There's an online BMS calculator at http://gyafun.jp/ln/basmat.cgi (note that BM4 and BM2.3 are generally considered to be identical)
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
If I define simple psi thusly:
what is ψ(W) ? (W = w_1)
EDIT: it's e_0, and the limit of simple psi is e_w
In LaTeX that's this:
\begin{eqnarray*} C_0(\alpha) &=& \{0, 1, \Omega\}\\ C_{n+1}(\alpha) &=& \{\gamma + \delta, \psi(\eta) | \gamma, \delta, \eta \in C_n (\alpha); \eta < \alpha\} \\ C(\alpha) &=& \bigcup_{n < \omega} C_n (\alpha) \\ \psi(\alpha) &=& \min\{\beta \in \Omega|\beta \notin C(\alpha)\} \\ \end{eqnarray*}
With all fairness, testitemqlstudop, how is using LaTeX going to make complex definitions easier to understand? It only adds a step-- running to some LaTeX viewer, like the one here.
Code: Select all
C_0(a) = {0,1,W}
C_n+1(a) = C_n(a) U {b+c,ψ(d),b∈C_n(a),c∈C_n(a),d<a,d∈C_n(a)}
C(a) = U(n<w)(C_n(a))
ψ(a) = the smallest countable ordinal not in C(a)
EDIT: it's e_0, and the limit of simple psi is e_w
In LaTeX that's this:
\begin{eqnarray*} C_0(\alpha) &=& \{0, 1, \Omega\}\\ C_{n+1}(\alpha) &=& \{\gamma + \delta, \psi(\eta) | \gamma, \delta, \eta \in C_n (\alpha); \eta < \alpha\} \\ C(\alpha) &=& \bigcup_{n < \omega} C_n (\alpha) \\ \psi(\alpha) &=& \min\{\beta \in \Omega|\beta \notin C(\alpha)\} \\ \end{eqnarray*}
With all fairness, testitemqlstudop, how is using LaTeX going to make complex definitions easier to understand? It only adds a step-- running to some LaTeX viewer, like the one here.
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- gameoflifemaniac
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Is there any lower bound on how quickly the Busy Beaver function grows?
I was so socially awkward in the past and it will haunt me for the rest of my life.
Code: Select all
b4o25bo$o29bo$b3o3b3o2bob2o2bob2o2bo3bobo$4bobo3bob2o2bob2o2bobo3bobo$
4bobo3bobo5bo5bo3bobo$o3bobo3bobo5bo6b4o$b3o3b3o2bo5bo9bobo$24b4o!
- BlinkerSpawn
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Any computable function suffices.gameoflifemaniac wrote: ↑November 4th, 2019, 11:24 amIs there any lower bound on how quickly the Busy Beaver function grows?
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Help
熠熠种花 - Glimmering Garden
Harvest Moon
2-engine p45 gliderless HWSS gun
Small p2070 glider gun
Forgive me if I withhold my enthusiasm.
Harvest Moon
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Small p2070 glider gun
Forgive me if I withhold my enthusiasm.
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
A useful identity here that may help: f(x)^g(x) = e^(g(x)ln(f(x)) — because f(x)^g(x) = e^(ln(f(x)^g(x))), which can be expanded using the properties of logarithms.
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or could stand for more than a few hours at most...
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The only decision I made was made
of flowers, to jump universes to one of springtime in
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
If all uncomputable functions eventually surpass all fast-growing hierarchy functions, how do you compare them? Is there a separate notation to describe their growth rate?BlinkerSpawn wrote: ↑November 4th, 2019, 6:29 pmAny computable function suffices.gameoflifemaniac wrote: ↑November 4th, 2019, 11:24 amIs there any lower bound on how quickly the Busy Beaver function grows?
I was so socially awkward in the past and it will haunt me for the rest of my life.
Code: Select all
b4o25bo$o29bo$b3o3b3o2bob2o2bob2o2bo3bobo$4bobo3bob2o2bob2o2bobo3bobo$
4bobo3bobo5bo5bo3bobo$o3bobo3bobo5bo6b4o$b3o3b3o2bo5bo9bobo$24b4o!
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
Computables slower than uncomputables DOES NOT mean the fgh is slower than uncomputable.gameoflifemaniac wrote: ↑November 5th, 2019, 1:26 pmIf all uncomputable functions eventually surpass all fast-growing hierarchy functions, how do you compare them? Is there a separate notation to describe their growth rate?BlinkerSpawn wrote: ↑November 4th, 2019, 6:29 pmAny computable function suffices.gameoflifemaniac wrote: ↑November 4th, 2019, 11:24 amIs there any lower bound on how quickly the Busy Beaver function grows?
You can index the fgh with w_1ck, and therefore the fgh doesn't necessarily need to be computable*
*Though as far as I know, nobody has a fundamental sequence for w_1ck, so you can't really evaluate f_w_1ck(n) without some innovation
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
How much more powerful is ah_n(a(@@a)a) compared to f_a(n)?
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- BlinkerSpawn
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Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
I'll need a clarification of the rules before I can answer, which I've already asked you for.
At least, I hope that was you from the Googology Discord that I messaged about this.
Re: Thread for Non-CA Academic Questions
No it wasn'tBlinkerSpawn wrote: ↑November 12th, 2019, 12:12 amI'll need a clarification of the rules before I can answer, which I've already asked you for.
At least, I hope that was you from the Googology Discord that I messaged about this.
I'm not on the googology discord. The problem is that fluffykitty put invites to the discord everywhere and somebody else decided to join and attempt to impersonate me. Just ignore anything they say.
What kind of clarification do you need?
Here are the complete-at-the-moment ah rules:
Code: Select all
Part one:
define $_n as any entries (including no entries) in an array.
It’s my symbol for we-don’t-care entries.
In any one use of any one rule, if n is the same, $_n is the same
a#b = concatenation of a and b
n@m =
n, m = 1
{n}#(n@(m-1)), m > 1, m not a lim ord
n@(m[n]) if m is a lim ord
g(a,n,B) =
ah_g(a-1,n,B) {B}, a > 1;
n, a = 0
ah definition:
Rule 1.
ah^a_n {$_0} = g(a,n,$_0)
Rule 2.
ah_n ({$_1}#{z}) = ah_n {$_1}, z = 0
Rule 3.
ah_n{} = n+1
Rule 4.
ah_n{a+1,$_2} = ah^n_n{a,$_2}
Rule 5.
ah_n{a,$_3} = ah_n{a[n],$_3}, a a lim ord
Rule 6.
ah_n ((0@b)#{a+1,$_4}) = ah_(n+1) (((a+1)@b)#{a,$_4}), b > 0
Rule 7.
ah_n ((0@b)#{a,$_5}) = ah_n ((a@b)#{a[n],$_5}), a a lim ord & b > 0
The rest of the array rules:
ah_n{$_0//(b+1),$_1} = ah_n((($_0)(@^_n)ah_n{$_0//b})#{//b,$_1})
ah_n{$_0//0} = ah_n{$_0}
ah_n{$_0//b,$_1} = ah_n{$_0//(b[n]),$_1} for lim ord b
Else: apply ah's 7 rules, starting after legion bar. (e.g. ah_{$_0//,0,0,w+1} = ah_{$_0//,w+1,w+1,w})
($_1)(@^_n)a =
($_1)@(ah_n(($_1)(@^_n)(a-1))), a > 1,
ah_n{$_1}, a=1
ah_n{$_0@@0} = ah_n{$_0}
ah_n{$_0@@a,$_1} = ah_n{$_0@@a[n],$_1},a a lim ord
ah_n{$_0@@(a+1),$_1} = ah_n({$_0//}#{$_0@@(a),$_1}
Apply basic ah rules otherwise to everything after the @@
ah_n{$_0(@@b,$_2)0} = ah_n{$_0}
ah_n{$_0((@@b,$_2)a,$_1} = ah_n{$_0(@@b)a[n],$_1},a a lim ord
ah_n{$_0(@@0)(a+1),$_1} = ah_n({$_0//}#{$_0(@@0)(a),$_1}
ah_n{$_0(@@b+1,$_2)(a+1),$_1} = ah_n({$_0(@@b,$_2)}#{$_0@@(a),$_1}
ah_n{$_0(@@b,$_2)$_3} = ah_n{$_0(@@b[n],$_2)$_3}, if b is a lim ord
Apply basic ah rules otherwise to everything after the (@@$) or everything inside the (@@$) depending on what is necessary
These array rules can be applied without the ah_n of the array, but any n refers to the n in the ah subscript.
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