Difference between revisions of "Von Neumann neighbourhood"

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__NOTOC__{{Glossary}}[[Image:vonneumannneighbourhood_1cell.png|framed|right|The von Neumann neighbourhood (in green) of a single cell]]The '''von Neumann neighbourhood''' is the set of all [[cell]]s that are orthogonally-adjacent to the region of interest (the region of interest itself may or may not be considered part of the von Neumann neighbourhood, depending on context). For example, the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell consists of the four cells orthogonally touching it. This neighbourhood is named after John von Neumann, the creator of the first [[replicator|self-replicating]] [[cellular automaton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cell-auto.com/neighbourhood/vn/|title=The von Neumann neighbourhood|author=Tim Tyler|accessdate=June 13, 2009}}</ref>
{{Glossary}}
[[File:von Neumann neighbourhood (range 1).png|framed|right|The von Neumann neighbourhood (blue) of a single cell]]
The '''von Neumann neighbourhood''' is the set of all [[cell]]s that are orthogonally adjacent to the region of interest (the region of interest itself may or may not be considered part of the von Neumann neighbourhood, depending on context). For example, the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell consists of the four cells orthogonally touching it. This [[neighbourhood]] is named after [[John von Neumann]], the creator of the first [[replicator|self-replicating]] [[cellular automaton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cell-auto.com/neighbourhood/vn/|title=The von Neumann neighbourhood|author=Tim Tyler|accessdate=June 13, 2009}}</ref>


The von Neumann neighbourhood naturally extends to cellular automata in higher dimensions, for example forming a 6-cell octahedral neighborhood for a cellular automaton in three dimensions. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell in an n-dimensional cellular automaton is 2n (Sloane's [https://oeis.org/A005843 A005843]).
The von Neumann neighbourhood naturally extends to cellular automata in higher dimensions, for example forming a 6-cell octahedral neighborhood for a cellular automaton [[Three-dimensional cellular automaton|in three dimensions]]. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell in an n-dimensional cellular automaton is 2n (Sloane's {{OEIS|A005843}}).


The Moore neighbourhood of a cell can be thought of as the points at a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_distance Manhattan distance] of 1 from that cell.
The von Neumann neighbourhood of a cell can be thought of as the points at a Manhattan distance<ref>{{LinkWikipedia|Manhattan_distance|name=Manhattan distance|nobullet=nobullet}}</ref> of 1 from that cell.


==Higher ranges==
== Higher ranges ==
The von Neumann neighbourhood can also be defined with a higher ''range''; that is, so that it captures cells that are further than one cell away from the region of interest. The standard von Neumann neighbourhood has range 1. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 is the set of all cells that are orthogonally-adjacent to the von Neumann neighbourhood itself. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range n can be defined recursively as the von Neumann neighbourhood of the von Neumann neighbourhood of range n-1. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of range n of a single cell is given by 2n(n+1) (Sloane's [https://oeis.org/A046092 A046092]).
The von Neumann neighbourhood can also be defined with a higher ''range''; that is, so that it captures cells that are further than one cell away from the region of interest. The standard von Neumann neighbourhood has range 1. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 is the set of all cells that are orthogonally adjacent to the von Neumann neighbourhood itself. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range n can be defined recursively as the von Neumann neighbourhood of the von Neumann neighbourhood of range {{nowrap|n - 1}}. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of range n of a single cell is given by {{nowrap|2 n (n + 1)}} (Sloane's {{OEIS|A046092}}).


==Image gallery==
== Gallery ==
{|
<gallery widths=160px style="text-align:center;">
|-
File:vonneumannneighbourhood eater1.png|The von Neumann neighbourhood (in blue) of an [[eater 1]]
|[[Image:vonneumannneighbourhood_eater1.png|framed|left|The von Neumann neighbourhood (in green) of an [[eater 1]]]]
File:von Neumann neighbourhood (range 2).png|The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 of a single cell
|[[Image:vonneumannneighbourhood_range2.png|framed|left|The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 of a single cell]]
File:von Neumann neighbourhood (range 3).png|The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 3 of a single cell
|}
</gallery>


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Moore neighbourhood]]
* [[Neighbourhood]]
*[[Zone of influence]]
** [[Hexagonal neighbourhood]]
** [[Margolus neighbourhood]]
** [[Moore neighbourhood]]
** [[Triangular Moore neighbourhood]]
** [[Triangular von Neumann neighbourhood]]
* [[Zone of influence]]


==References==
== References ==
<references />
<references />


==External links==
== External links ==
{{LinkWikipedia|Von_Neumann_neighborhood}}
* {{LinkWikipedia|von_Neumann_neighborhood|pagename=von Neumann neighborhood}}
*[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/vonNeumannNeighborhood.html von Neumann neighborhood] at Wolfram Mathworld
* {{LinkLexicon|lex_v.htm#vonneumannneighbourhood|name=von Neumann neighbourhood}}
* {{LinkMathworld|vonNeumannNeighborhood.html|pagename=von Neumann neighborhood}}
 
[[Category:Neighbourhoods]]
__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:von Neumann neighbourhood}}

Latest revision as of 08:29, 26 November 2022

The von Neumann neighbourhood (blue) of a single cell

The von Neumann neighbourhood is the set of all cells that are orthogonally adjacent to the region of interest (the region of interest itself may or may not be considered part of the von Neumann neighbourhood, depending on context). For example, the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell consists of the four cells orthogonally touching it. This neighbourhood is named after John von Neumann, the creator of the first self-replicating cellular automaton.[1]

The von Neumann neighbourhood naturally extends to cellular automata in higher dimensions, for example forming a 6-cell octahedral neighborhood for a cellular automaton in three dimensions. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of a single cell in an n-dimensional cellular automaton is 2n (Sloane's OEISicon light 11px.png A005843).

The von Neumann neighbourhood of a cell can be thought of as the points at a Manhattan distance[2] of 1 from that cell.

Higher ranges

The von Neumann neighbourhood can also be defined with a higher range; that is, so that it captures cells that are further than one cell away from the region of interest. The standard von Neumann neighbourhood has range 1. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 is the set of all cells that are orthogonally adjacent to the von Neumann neighbourhood itself. The von Neumann neighbourhood of range n can be defined recursively as the von Neumann neighbourhood of the von Neumann neighbourhood of range n - 1. The number of cells in the von Neumann neighbourhood of range n of a single cell is given by 2 n (n + 1) (Sloane's OEISicon light 11px.png A046092).

Gallery

  • The von Neumann neighbourhood (in blue) of an eater 1

  • The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 2 of a single cell

  • The von Neumann neighbourhood of range 3 of a single cell

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tim Tyler. "The von Neumann neighbourhood". Retrieved on June 13, 2009.
  2. ↑ Manhattan distance at Wikipedia

External links


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