Difference between revisions of "Volatility"

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http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=appletart%20game&defid=5956600
2. appletart game 15 up, 2 down
A game invented in October 2009 at First Flight High School where participants use the word appletart or some of its variants. Originally it was focused on who could say it the loudest but has evolved over time. The ways to play include: 1. Who can say appletart the loudest? 2. Who can say appletart the most in a game? 3. Who will say appletart last? 4. Who will day appletart in the funniest or most awkward situations? 5. What word will be matched when someone says appletart? Will it be appletart, applepie, poptart, or something else?1. kid 1: Appletart. kid 2: Appletart! kid 1: APPLETART! Kid 1:APPLETART!!! kid 3: AAAPPLETAAARRT!!!!! kid 4: There goes another appletart game.2. I love playing the appletart game. Appletart! appletart game mugs & shirtsapple tart game appletart apple tart appletard appleturd applefart applefuckingtart applepie poptart by appletartkid Jul 16, 2011 share this add a video
{{Glossary}}
{{Glossary}}
The '''volatility''' of an [[oscillator]] is the size (in [[cell]]s) of its [[rotor]] divided by the sum of the sizes of its rotor and its [[stator]]. In other words, it is the proportion of cells involved in the oscillator which actually oscillate. For many periods there are known [[:Category:Oscillators_with_volatility_1.00|oscillators with volatility 1]], such as [[Achim's p16]], [[figure eight]], [[Kok's galaxy]], [[mazing]], [[pentadecathlon]], [[phoenix 1]], [[smiley]], and [[tumbler]]. The smallest period for which the existence of such statorless oscillators is undecided is 3, although [[Dean Hickerson]] showed in 1994 that there are period 3 oscillators with volatility arbitrarily close to 1 (as the possibility of feeding the [[glider]]s from a [[gun]] into an [[eater]] shows to be the case for all but finitely many periods). The largest prime period for which such an oscillator is known is 13 (see [[34P13]]).
[[Image:volatile_p3.png|framed|right|A period-3 oscillator with volatility 1 discovered by [[Jason Summers]] in August [[:Category:patterns_found_in_2012|2012]]]]
The '''volatility''' of an [[oscillator]] is the size (in [[cell]]s) of its [[rotor]] divided by the sum of the sizes of its rotor and its [[stator]]. In other words, it is the proportion of cells involved in the oscillator which actually oscillate. The term "volatility" is due to [[Robert Wainwright]].


The term "volatility" is due to [[Robert Wainwright]].
==Oscillators with volatility 1==
For many periods there are known [[:Category:Oscillators with volatility 1.00|oscillators with volatility 1]] (also called '''pure rotor oscillators'''), such as [[Achim's p16]], [[figure eight]], [[Kok's galaxy]], [[mazing]], [[pentadecathlon]], [[phoenix 1]], [[smiley]], and [[tumbler]]. The smallest period for which the existence of such statorless oscillators is undecided is 7, although there are no known strictly volatile period-4 oscillators. Prior to Dave Greene's infinite series of strictly volatile oscillators, the largest prime period for which such an oscillator was known is 13 (see [[34P13]]). All oscillators with period 45+15n can be volatity 1 due to the [[P15 bumper]] and [[PD-pair reflector]].


==Strict volatility==
==Strict volatility==
'''Strict volatility''' is a term that was suggested by [[Noam Elkies]] in August 1998 for the proportion of cells involved in a period n oscillator that themselves oscillate with period n. For prime n this is the same as the ordinary volatility.
'''Strict volatility''' is a term that was suggested by [[Noam Elkies]] in August 1998 for the proportion of cells involved in a period n oscillator that themselves oscillate with period ''n''. For prime ''n'' this is the same as the ordinary volatility. The only periods for which strictly volatile oscillators are known are [[still_life|1]], [[phoenix 1|2]], [[statorless p3|3]], [[statorless p5|5]], 6, [[figure eight|8]], [[34P13|13]], [[pentadecathlon|15]], [[48P22.1|22]], [[queen bee shuttle|30]], 33, and [[Karel's p177|177]], together with all periods greater than or equal to the constant V:
 
==V==
 
V is the minimum value such that strictly volatile oscillators have been proved to exist for all periods greater than or equal to V.
A value of 22178648 was established by [[Dave Greene]] in November 2018 using self-constructing circuitry. The following month he reduced this to 3506916, and Goldtiger997 brought the minimum down to 3506910 a few days later by recompiling the same design. <ref>{{LinkForumThread|format=ref|author=Goldtiger997|title=Re: Self-Constructing Spaceship Challenges|date=December 5, 2018|accessdate=December 28, 2018|p=66216}}</ref>
There is also a known mechanism for creating strictly volatile oscillators for periods that are not multiples of eight, between 2918053 and 3506909.<ref>{{LinkForumThread|format=ref|author=Chris Cain|title=Re: Self-Constructing Spaceship Challenges|date=November 30, 2018|accessdate=December 3, 2018|p=66027}}</ref>
 
==References==
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
{{LinkWeisstein|StrictVolatility.html|patternname=Strict volatility}}
{{LinkWeisstein|StrictVolatility.html|patternname=Strict volatility}}
{{LinkLexicon|lex_v.htm#volatility}}
{{LinkLexicon|lex_v.htm#volatility}}

Revision as of 02:51, 15 May 2019

A period-3 oscillator with volatility 1 discovered by Jason Summers in August 2012

The volatility of an oscillator is the size (in cells) of its rotor divided by the sum of the sizes of its rotor and its stator. In other words, it is the proportion of cells involved in the oscillator which actually oscillate. The term "volatility" is due to Robert Wainwright.

Oscillators with volatility 1

For many periods there are known oscillators with volatility 1 (also called pure rotor oscillators), such as Achim's p16, figure eight, Kok's galaxy, mazing, pentadecathlon, phoenix 1, smiley, and tumbler. The smallest period for which the existence of such statorless oscillators is undecided is 7, although there are no known strictly volatile period-4 oscillators. Prior to Dave Greene's infinite series of strictly volatile oscillators, the largest prime period for which such an oscillator was known is 13 (see 34P13). All oscillators with period 45+15n can be volatity 1 due to the P15 bumper and PD-pair reflector.

Strict volatility

Strict volatility is a term that was suggested by Noam Elkies in August 1998 for the proportion of cells involved in a period n oscillator that themselves oscillate with period n. For prime n this is the same as the ordinary volatility. The only periods for which strictly volatile oscillators are known are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15, 22, 30, 33, and 177, together with all periods greater than or equal to the constant V:

V

V is the minimum value such that strictly volatile oscillators have been proved to exist for all periods greater than or equal to V. A value of 22178648 was established by Dave Greene in November 2018 using self-constructing circuitry. The following month he reduced this to 3506916, and Goldtiger997 brought the minimum down to 3506910 a few days later by recompiling the same design. [1] There is also a known mechanism for creating strictly volatile oscillators for periods that are not multiples of eight, between 2918053 and 3506909.[2]

References

  1. Goldtiger997 (December 5, 2018). Re: Self-Constructing Spaceship Challenges (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
  2. Chris Cain (November 30, 2018). Re: Self-Constructing Spaceship Challenges (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums

External links

Template:LinkWeisstein